http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/ 2012-05-20T12:42:51-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/ http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/lib/tpl/default/images/favicon.ico text/html 2011-10-05T07:14:33-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&rev=1317820473&do=diff 中國古代生物學 text/html 2011-02-19T19:21:21-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%91&rev=1298168481&do=diff 環評 environment 環境權 環保 2009/08/10 中科四期環評會議 (中部科學工業園區) vs. 在地聲音 <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3quuLy3WR0> text/html 2011-11-28T22:46:54-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E4%BA%8C%E8%A1%8C%E8%A9%A9&rev=1322545614&do=diff 詩, People, The word 詩人說：詩本身就是一種離散。朋友知道我在寫二行詩，大都覺得不置可否。我該怎麼說呢？鍛字鍊句或者追尋詩的本質！不，我想說的是，詩，就是一種心靈拉扯的狀態。你看著事物的形貌，每一個樣子都有不知天高地厚的人類的影子，刀是一種收割的慾望、雕像有睥睨的猥瑣、長笛原是挖空的脛骨，更不用說墓碑了。事物的本質令人不忍卒讀，因為我們讀到的總己是自我心靈的反射，就像一面歷史之鏡，既在外面又入乎其內，無以遁逃於天地。… text/html 2011-11-30T16:08:16-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E4%BA%94%E6%BA%9D%E6%B0%B4&rev=1322694496&do=diff 聚落, 文化, 建築 居住文化的多樣性 / 雲科大李謁政 @FB 2011.11.30 多元文化的美學！主流美學觀意味著統一性的、一致性的文化邏輯、美感經驗。多元文化卻意味著差異性的、獨特的、混血甚至碎裂化的美感經驗、日常景觀。面對多元文化的美學需要一付全新凝視時空地景的眼睛！ text/html 2011-06-25T10:02:59-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF%E6%9F%8F%E6%A0%BC&rev=1309017779&do=diff 感覺統合 Cognition 認知 education 幫助高功能自閉與亞斯柏格 兒童感覺統合發展線上評估系統 僅供參考!! text/html 2011-05-30T09:35:12-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E4%BC%8F%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4&rev=1306769712&do=diff environment Natural resource 水資源 《水資源專題報導》取用回歸水 日本能 台灣也能 記者劉力仁、曾鴻儒／特稿 2011-5-30 自由時報 「日本九州佐賀、日本秋田縣八郎潟成功開發回歸水，台灣也可以成功。」 text/html 2011-04-20T01:44:56-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E5%88%87%E8%91%89%E8%9F%BB&rev=1303285496&do=diff ecology insect 原文連結： 住單人套房的花園保鑣 in 微米情報站 在亞馬遜盆地有一種Acromyrmex的切葉蟻會養真菌做為牠們的食物，牠們會清理真菌花園來移除病原菌。其中牠們最頭痛的敵人就是Escovopsis──一種可以快速毀滅整個真菌花園的特化微寄生蟲，Acromyrmex表皮的共生細菌Pseudonocardia此時就會做出抗生素來對付Escovopsis。每一窩螞蟻的Pseudonocardia都只有一種，並且會遺傳給子代，所以每一窩螞蟻都有自家專用的Pseudonocardia。當然只有一種Pseudonocardia並不足以對抗種類繁多的Escovopsis，因此Pseudonocardia也時常轉變。可是不管怎麼變，一窩螞蟻始終都維持只有一種Pseudonocardia，而且這種Pseudonocardia會是對抗此次入侵的Escovopsis最有效的一種。… text/html 2011-12-08T00:15:35-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E5%BC%B5&rev=1323328535&do=diff 新店, 弱勢人權, 都市更新 什麼時候變回了警察國家？ 在訪問中受訪者竟然直接在畫面中被抓 !! 下午四點左右有兩波肢體衝突，新北市政府甚至派霹靂小組來鎮壓民眾，動用警棍攻擊居民、推倒孕婦，之後十四張自救會的會長被警察抓走.. 一些追蹤 text/html 2011-04-20T22:15:26-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E5%8D%97%E6%BE%B3%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%93&rev=1303359326&do=diff Travel 原住民 泰雅族 宜蘭 2百年古道重生 南澳古道探索泰雅原鄉 林務局羅東林區管理處以2年時間，重新整修具有2百年歷史、早期原住民交換物資和取鹽之路的「南澳古道」；沿途吊橋遺址、泰雅族歷史遺跡依舊，自然人文野趣盎然。這條古道本週六啟用，是蘭陽地區第20條自然步道，也是1條探索泰雅族原鄉之路。(黃麗鳳報導) text/html 2011-02-23T05:44:35-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%82%E8%AD%9C%E5%85%B8%E8%97%8F%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB&rev=1298465075&do=diff music wiki 古典樂譜的維基百科 2011/02/23 一般人也許無法想像，但要成為一個古典樂手，樂譜的花費其實非常驚人。若以弦樂四重奏為例，一首曲子通常要價30到50美金，也讓購買樂譜成為學生的巨大負擔。然而從2006年起，一個屬於古典樂譜的維基百科在網路上悄悄出現了，它就是「國際樂譜典藏計畫（International Music Score Library Project）」。 text/html 2011-09-03T08:39:47-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E5%A2%BE%E4%B8%81%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E6%A4%8D%E8%A2%AB&rev=1315060787&do=diff Vegetation survey 墾丁國家公園海岸植被 / 陳玉峯著 香蕉灣海岸林生態保護區植物社會調查報告 text/html 2011-11-24T18:41:15-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E5%A4%9A%E5%AD%94%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B&rev=1322185275&do=diff 工藝, 材料 超輕金屬 蒲公英撐得住它 【聯合晚報╱朱小明】 2011.11.24 03:00 pm 研究人員開發出世界上最輕的金屬材料，即使放在蒲公英上面，也不會損壞蒲公英的絨毛。 路透據最新一期「科學」雜誌，美國加研究人員開發出世界上最輕的金屬材料，即使放在蒲公英上面，也不會損壞蒲公英的絨毛。相較之下，保麗龍比這種材料重100倍。 由加州大學爾灣分校、HRL實驗室和加州理工學院研究人員聯合開發的新材料，99.99%是空氣、只是0. 01%是固體物質。之所以能做到超輕，是因為研究人員把鎳製成直徑為頭髮千分之一的空心金屬管，以十字交叉方式編成格狀多孔結構。… text/html 2011-07-02T02:39:17-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%B1%E8%B1%AA&rev=1309595957&do=diff movie, The Last of Mohicans clip 1. clip 2. clip 3. clip 4. clip 5. clip 6. clip 7. 電影評論-大地英豪 Soundtrack：搜尋 last of the mohicans soundtrack - 1 main title, 可改數字1-12 電影部分對白 text/html 2011-03-05T06:24:02-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%B6%E5%B1%B1&rev=1299331442&do=diff mountain travel 郊山 【轉引】 Tony的自然人文旅記（0475） [台北烏來]．大桶山 圖：登山口附近遠望大桶山（最遠處） 大桶山位於台北縣烏來鄉，遠望山形宛如又大又圓的大桶。大桶山有兩條主要的登山路線， 一是從大桶山的西北面的忠治村起登，一是從大桶山東北面的桂山路172巷223號民宅起登；前者走主稜， 路途較遠；後者走支稜，路短可省一半時間。另外幾條可登大桶山的路線，或路況不佳， 或須連登其它山峰，都不如這兩條路線來得便利。… text/html 2011-02-20T10:01:03-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7&rev=1298221263&do=diff education 我碩博士人口 年底增至百萬 2011/02/20 工商時報 【記者于國欽／台北報導】 內政部昨（19）日指出，去年底，我國具研究所學歷的碩、博士人口已達到92萬5千人，依此一成長的速度估計，今（100）年底我國碩、博士人口將達100萬人，高學歷人口比重之高已在世界名列前茅。 text/html 2011-02-14T19:40:56-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E5%BA%B7%E4%B9%83%E9%A6%A8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD&rev=1297737656&do=diff society revolution 公民行動 觀念平台－草根力量 改變了世界 2011/02/14 中國時報 【楊宗澧】 一九六○年，葡萄牙在當時獨裁者薩拉查的統治下，有兩名學生在里斯本因公然舉杯為自由而乾杯，為此他們被逮捕並判刑七年。這則新聞引起一名英國律師彼得.班能森的關注，並且開始思考改變世界的可能。他認為葡萄牙政府也許會在全世界同時寫信的民間壓力下釋放這兩名學生。於是他開始找來願意與他一起行動的一群人，在一九六一年五月二十八日共同在報章撰文發表〈被遺忘的囚犯〉，聲援八位因言論或政治觀點遭逮捕且未受公平審判的異議人士，其中包含了牧師、神父、律師、醫師、工會人士等。… text/html 2011-11-07T23:34:00-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E6%94%80%E6%A8%B9&rev=1320734040&do=diff Japanese traditional tree climbing (不傷樹之攀樹方法，繩結) <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Octm4nK2Fc> text/html 2011-06-30T17:24:02-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%B8%E8%97%8F&rev=1309476242&do=diff funny.. 數位典藏與數位學習 入口網站，什麼都有，什麼都不奇怪 XD 二十四世紀斯文豪傳說 Swinhoe 青澀韶光-台灣女學生圖錄 山海經繪卷 text/html 2011-02-16T01:37:34-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E6%A0%93%E7%9A%AE%E6%AB%9F&rev=1297845454&do=diff forest fagaceae species <http://www.facebook.com/album.php?fbid=146690632058175&id=100001517169120&aid=29008> (初春的栓皮櫟落葉林) / Kc Yang @FB KC Yang : “卑南溪低海拔區域生長大片的栓皮櫟落葉林，但一直未被正式記錄” text/html 2011-10-01T17:27:09-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87%E5%90%8D&rev=1317511629&do=diff 自然史 Chengtao Lin 2011/10/2發表於 fb： ‎「[本日植物]：コメススキ（komesusuki 米芒）＝曲芒髮草 Deschampsia flexuosa 最近開始整理鈴木時夫的文章，裡頭的表需要一個一個植物慢慢查，然後對照學名確認物種，也背了好多植物的日文名（其實也沒特別背，查著查著就記起來），規則和我們用的漢名很像，像ススキ(susuki)是指芒（Miscanthus sinensis）、バラ(bara)就是薔薇、スミレ(sumire)就是堇菜，裸子植物比較亂，同樣是冷杉，就可以分成好幾種，白時冷杉（Abies veitchii; シラビソ [shirabiso]）和大白時冷杉（o-shirabiso; オオシラビソ)就是屬於シラビソ，但是北海道的薩哈林冷杉（Abies sachalinensis）叫做 トドマツ（todomatsu），台灣冷杉(Abies kawakamii)叫做二ヒタカトドマツ（niitakatodomatsu）。還有一類就叫モミ（momi），像是モミ（Abies firma）、ウラジロモミ（urajiro-momi; Abies ho… text/html 2011-04-18T10:11:52-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E6%A6%95%E6%9E%9C%E5%B0%8F%E8%9C%82&rev=1303143112&do=diff ecology The Queen of Trees, 樹之女皇 text/html 2011-02-15T20:43:17-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E6%AE%98%E5%B7%AE&rev=1297827797&do=diff statistic 簡單線性迴歸與殘差檢定 在此 楊奕農@中原大學所撰報告中寫到： “在簡單線性迴歸中，根據高斯-馬可夫定理 (Gauss-Markov Theorem) 只要殘差符合以下的假設，我們使用一般最小平方法來估計... 時，就可以得到具有「最佳線性不偏估計量」(Best Linear Unbiased Estimator，縮寫為 BLUE) 的性質” text/html 2011-08-15T02:18:28-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%AF%AB%E7%A4%BE&rev=1313396308&do=diff village 泰雅族後花園 古道茫茫 【聯合報╱張致遠／苗栗縣福爾摩沙荒野保育協會理事長（苗縣頭份）】 2011.08.15 01:41 am 台新金控總經理klesan探勘傳說中的泰雅族遷徙古道時墜崖。愛山人殉山，國人皆感遺憾！ text/html 2011-08-22T06:55:35-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&rev=1314017735&do=diff 水資源, environment 環境議題 寶山水庫現況 湖山水庫開發過程 生病的水庫 系列報導/自由時報 全球同步抗議巴西政府之台灣串連行動-搶救亞馬遜雨林！反對水壩迫遷原住民！ 待續 to be conti. text/html 2011-08-22T06:54:18-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E6%B0%B4%E6%BC%BE%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97&rev=1314017658&do=diff Travel in mountain 2011 3.12-3.13 水漾森林(杉林溪線)行程 text/html 2012-02-01T07:09:59-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E6%B5%99%E5%B1%B1%E8%9B%A9&rev=1328105399&do=diff 節肢動物, 馬陸 浙山蛩/呂縉宇：”...馬陸通常有毒，你一定也看過國家地理頻道播放過南美洲的某種猴子為了驅除身上的寄生蟲，會刻意舔一種大型的毒馬陸，這毒會使猴子迷幻猶如吸毒，有些用藥過度的猴子會有從雨林超高的樹上跌落致死的副作用。...” text/html 2011-10-13T19:21:07-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB&rev=1318555267&do=diff Ecology,molles 中文翻譯 海洋生態系 @自然生態學習網 text/html 2011-02-20T10:22:10-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E6%B9%96%E6%BF%B1%E6%95%A3%E8%A8%98&rev=1298222530&do=diff nature 自然文學 梭羅的湖濱散記(瓦爾登湖)，以及相關照片 text/html 2011-10-20T02:51:15-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%82%AD%E6%AE%BC%E7%97%85&rev=1319100675&do=diff plant,植病,攀樹 引用自 炭殼病 in 自然谷 ”...有傳染性，必須鋸斷樹幹，挖掉樹頭，燒掉樹幹樹枝、樹枝、樹頭，土壤燻蒸消毒，最後等土壤驗證無病菌後，施上有機質土壤，重新活化土壤 ” text/html 2011-11-25T17:23:37-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%88%90%E7%A2%B4&rev=1322267017&do=diff 環保, 戴奧辛, 土地倫理 本報爐碴亡國 獲曾虛白公共服務報導獎/自由時報 〔記者湯佳玲／台北報導〕第十屆卓越新聞暨曾虛白先生新聞獎得獎名單昨天揭曉，本報追蹤爐碴氾濫、管制鬆散的「爐碴亡國」相關報導，榮獲曾虛白先生公共服務報導獎，評審團評語「本作品由北到南一路追蹤，使環保當局正視此一問題，善盡媒體關心公共議題，服務大眾職責」。 text/html 2011-08-13T02:40:48-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%88%A8%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%8B%E6%9D%91&rev=1313224848&do=diff village in China, travel 爨底下村 text/html 2011-06-24T07:26:35-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%89%9B%E6%A8%9F&rev=1308921995&do=diff Natural history 朋友fb上的分享 昨晚在新店文史工作者游寶彩小姐展示一張珍貴的照片裡 得知一件遺憾的事 相片內容為一棵約650歲的牛樟神木在2007年新店路158號工地開挖時出土 出土時 牛樟並未腐爛且香氣四溢 吸引眾多路人嘖嘖稱奇 惟當時地主不知牛樟行情 竟隨便以70萬元賣出 如今後人看這神木埋藏多年(據游小姐訪問當地耆老以及其祖父 推測應該是民國13年時一場大水推倒巨木並掩埋土中達87年之久 若在原址建博物館供人參觀 地主收入豈止70萬元啊~… text/html 2011-09-18T02:21:17-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%8B%90%E7%8D%B4&rev=1316334077&do=diff 動物 生命 就愛狐獴 熟女前進沙漠圓夢 前進狐獴基地（記者方賓照攝） 記者洪素卿／專訪 「在牠們身上，我找到人性失落的那一塊，那就是—無私的愛。」曾是業績破億的廣告代理商，擅長追逐獲利的溫芳玲，生了一場大病後告訴自己：「人生的下半場要過得不一樣。」 text/html 2011-11-28T22:55:04-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%8E%8B%E9%96%94%E5%8D%97&rev=1322546104&do=diff People 原文轉貼 作者: TPCMAX (左岸沉思) 看板: Gossiping 標題: Re: [新聞] 一串鑰匙試200門 打開無名屍回家路 時間: Tue Nov 29 12:44:27 2011 強者我同學王閔南生平最不愛講話 但平均每年都要上報或上電視兩三次 text/html 2011-12-02T06:06:15-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%92%B0%E4%BF%9D%E7%B4%99&rev=1322831175&do=diff 綠生活, 環保, 永續sustainable, green product, Forest 吳明益, for his 《天橋上的魔術師》 內文和《複眼人》、《迷蝶誌》新版用的是同一種紙，日本米道69g ，也是所謂的環保紙，粗糙的紙感反而能把Via的插畫質感表現出來，這點我覺得很不錯。2011/12/1 = text/html 2011-06-25T10:13:03-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%A1%E8%A8%97&rev=1309018383&do=diff 土地倫理 環境權 公民參與 environment 濁水溪出海口大城濕地 " 全民來認股 守護濁水溪" 新竹縣芎林鄉南河山自然谷，是全國首座經「環境信託」打造中的生態教育基地... 荒野保護協會 " 首筆信託林地 半年後開FUN 2011-6-25 自由時報" text/html 2011-12-06T21:36:19-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%99%BD%E9%A1%8D%E9%AB%98%E8%85%B3%E8%9B%9B&rev=1323232579&do=diff spider 拉牙, 山豬呂縉宇的介紹: ”... 嘉義縣布袋鎮菜舖廓的人。根據他的說法，小時候他們家族小孩都「必須」吃拉牙，目的是讓小孩可以順利長大，無一倖免。父母親會將蜘蛛腹部擠出汁液，放入驚恐的小孩口中；碰上異常排斥的小孩還是要用點技巧，比方說偷偷放入奶瓶，混入食物，吃一次藥效一輩子。大哥姐們看到弟妹被要求這長大的儀式時，都會在旁沾沾自喜的竊笑...”… text/html 2011-11-19T03:49:37-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%99%BE%E5%90%89&rev=1321699777&do=diff 人文、地理、Travel 百吉，古稱「八結」... text/html 2011-10-21T02:35:48-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%9F%AE%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA&rev=1319186148&do=diff 原住民傳說, from book by 王家祥 in 書評 尋覓、遭遇、認識、離去 ― 王家祥為矮黑人織寫的現代神話 /鄭宇辰 text/html 2011-12-08T00:16:17-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%A5%AD%E7%A5%80%E5%85%AC%E6%A5%AD&rev=1323328577&do=diff 土地, 炒地皮, 富豪手法.. in 新店 十四張,都市更新 王雪紅炒新店十四張農地 三年大賺27億/2011.12.08財訊雜誌報導: 祭祀公業管理委員會利用法院判決移轉，脫產名下土地予土地掮客或投資富豪... text/html 2011-11-27T02:59:15-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%A6%BF%E9%B7%B2&rev=1322387955&do=diff 鳥,bird,猛禽 光栩 2011.04.17 所喜歡的動物.... 網頁連結 <http://vanlu.pixnet.net/blog/post/8420353> <http://www.blueanimalbio.com/bird/sunxingmu/tujiu.htm> text/html 2012-02-04T15:44:45-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E8%BF%B4%E6%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&rev=1328395485&do=diff see also autocorrelation,spatial analysis, statistics in ecology literature to read about spatial autocorrelation(SAC) Methods to account for spatial autocorrelation in the analysis of species distributional data: a review Dormann et al., 2007 Moran's I correlogram by Legendre and Legendre 1998 text/html 2011-11-28T01:34:00-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%B4%85%E5%B0%BE%E9%B5%9F&rev=1322469240&do=diff 鳥, bird,猛禽, 人鳥之間, 紀錄片 紐約紅尾鵟傳奇（The Legend of Pale Male） ‎2010年Wildscreen影展最佳劇本獎：紐約紅尾鵟傳奇 【因為他們給了我自由】/吳明益 ”...這兩天最讓我動心的莫過於開幕片《紐約紅尾鵟傳奇》(The Legend of Pale Male)。這部片獲得的是2010年影展的最佳劇本獎。一個在紐約做過美髮師、工人，流浪者的比利時青年，一天在中央公園發現了一隻威武的猛禽。於是他決定做一名生態攝影家，用一年的時間紀錄牠。隨著時間過去，他結識了比他更早在公園裡拍攝與寫作的朋友，Pale Male這個名字，便是自然作家Marie Winn 替這隻紅尾鵟取的名字。… text/html 2011-06-25T10:48:39-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%B4%99%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F&rev=1309020519&do=diff funny 童玩 來玩紙飛機 text/html 2011-02-16T00:52:37-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%8C%85%E8%A3%9D&rev=1297842757&do=diff green design 綠色包裝推動計畫論壇暨99年包裝減量協議成果發表會 /環保署 text/html 2011-02-15T18:30:15-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E8%9C%89%E8%9D%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%A9&rev=1297819815&do=diff 第53梯次好書大家讀入選圖書 蜉蝣的一天 作者： 珍妮．‧威利斯文；湯尼．羅斯圖；劉清彥譯 出版社： 道聲 出版年： 96.10 定價： 240 ISBN： 9789866735028 推薦的話：柯明鳳（美術插畫工作者） 《蜉蝣的一天》 如果只有一天可以活，你要以什麼樣的態度面對這世界？喜悅或悲觀？一天對人們來說極其短暫而微不足道，但卻是蜉蝣的一生。 蜉蝣懷著歡欣的心揭開一天的序幕，傾聽大自然的聲音，感受大自然的神奇魔力，努力體驗上天給她健康的身心感官，完成繁衍下一代的任務，然後存著感恩的心謝幕。朝生暮死，雖然短暫，卻精彩無比，毫不浪費在世上的一分一秒。 人類擁有數萬個蜉蝣的一天，但常為了未知的明天而擔憂煩惱，卻忘了盡全力去體驗今日發生的種種美好，當生命走到盡頭時，才後悔莫及。 作者優美細膩的字裡行間，釋放出對生命的讚嘆，引領讀者進入蜉蝣的一天，溫暖明亮的插畫，傳遞出天地萬物存在的價值。但願每一個人都可以懷抱像蜉蝣一樣的積極心態，體會生命的好，忘卻未知的苦，就算只有一天，也要勇敢面對，活的豐富而有意義。… text/html 2012-02-11T08:30:59-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E8%9F%B9%E5%B7%A5%E8%88%B9&rev=1328974259&do=diff 人權, 勞工, 資本主義, canon camera 平成年間的蟹工船--沒有椅子的佳能電子 作者 雷路許的小小讀書室 blog中寫：「《蟹工船》，是日本知名社會主義文學家小林多喜二在二戰前寫成的一部作品，故事內容是敘述一群勞工在捕蟹船上受到種種不人道的壓榨，最後起而反抗的故事。因為這個故事把勞工受壓迫的情狀寫得太生動了，所以從此以後，日本人都稱壓榨勞工的所謂「血汗工廠」為「蟹工船」。照理說，蟹工船的故事距離今日已有七八十年之久，社會對於勞工的保障也應該有所進步才對，… text/html 2011-06-29T19:25:00-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E8%A0%85%E8%99%8E&rev=1309397100&do=diff The Lives, funny story 以下內容引用自 shoumin7 on Mobile01, the topics"近拍蠅虎 最可愛的......" 「不知道大家可曾注意過蠅虎？喜歡蠅虎嗎？ 上圖是在野外拍攝後去背，地點是台北象山 蠅虎可不簡單，有興趣可以看一下以下的， 如果你對於住在台北象山的蟲或是其他生物也可以到我的我的網站瞧瞧 text/html 2011-02-20T22:31:18-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E8%B1%AC%E7%B1%A0%E8%8D%89%E5%B0%8F%E9%9B%A8%E8%9B%99&rev=1298266278&do=diff 生命 熱帶雨林 兩棲類 科學家發現史上最小青蛙 it's said : “世界上最小的一種青蛙之一在婆羅洲被發現。它長10-12mm，雖然豬籠草小雨蛙極其微小，但是它的叫聲卻很大。這也正是研究人員得以發現它的原因。它生活在豬籠草葉子內的小水池裏。 text/html 2012-02-01T15:55:04-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E8%B3%BD%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B&rev=1328136904&do=diff Geography,原住民,賽德克族 賽德克．巴萊 /地圖會說話 text/html 2011-10-11T22:15:04-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E9%87%91%E9%B3%B3%E8%8A%B1&rev=1318392904&do=diff plant, natural history 女人才知道的植物─Caesalpinia pulcherrima / 雜草集部落格 曾經看過一本書，早已忘了作者是何人，有句話卻難忘：「為何我的母校與其他加州中學一樣，校園籬笆種的多是毒性非常強的植物？」 text/html 2011-11-24T17:25:43-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E9%9B%A8%E5%82%98&rev=1322180743&do=diff 工藝, People, 其人其事 我曾在高雄大立百貨附近遇過他跟他買過一支白底黑點的雨傘 一直放在我的後車箱裡，因為太漂亮不太捨得用 雨傘作工相當細膩中間的支撐架還是木頭的，相當漂亮的一支傘 如果你有在路上遇到他的話買支美麗的傘送給自己，相信你的心情 也會很愉快的... text/html 2012-02-19T04:11:50-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E9%9D%92%E7%9E%91%E8%9B%87&rev=1329649910&do=diff 台南 自然史 04‧【清代南瀛地區的海岸線變遷】/趙文榮 一、緒言 清代南瀛地區的海岸線變遷，其變化的原因，除了西南部海岸的隆起之外，最為重要的關鍵，則是曾文溪與急水溪兩溪流沖刷搬運與堆積作用，直接造成臺江內海與倒風內海的陸化，從而改變清代臺南地區的海岸線，並進而影響了清代南瀛地區的產業經濟，也影響南瀛地區在全臺政經地位的變遷，因之，頗值一探，即嘗試由清代方志輿圖、港口數量等面向析論之。 二、清代方志輿圖上的海岸線變化… text/html 2011-02-18T08:30:45-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&rev=1298043045&do=diff food GMO (基改) 美味代價(食品帝國)影片整理 from 默默耕耘自然小舖 / 2010-07-13 text/html 2011-04-10T00:36:44-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E9%BB%91%E6%BD%AE%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB&rev=1302417404&do=diff energy natural resource Ocean 黑潮發電 取代核能 反核 NO Nuke －海洋台灣新國力專題報導系列之五 台灣可望成全球首例大型洋流發電國家 【大紀元6月24日報導】（中央社記者唐佩君台北二十五日電）「光是綠島一帶黑潮能發電量，就已經是3座核能電廠的發電量」，台大教授兼工研院能源與資源研究所所長陳發林說，若政府支援，台灣將成全球第一個有大型洋流發電能力的國家，不僅洗刷助長全球暖化的惡名，更重要的是邁向清潔發電，甚至可成為全電化島嶼。 六月十六日，端午節連假中，陳發林率領研究團隊，在台大應用力學研究所三樓會議室內召開「綠島黑潮能－電廠開發計畫」組織分工及細部規劃，前一天他們才剛向行政院經建會主委何美玥簡報，獲得高度肯定。… text/html 2011-11-30T16:09:15-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=%E9%BB%91%E7%8B%97%E9%A0%AD%E4%BB%94&rev=1322694555&do=diff 徵求：山上野調對付日益氾濫的可怕小黑蚊的撇步... 夥伴被叮一包要半年才消腫 ..連在2600m 塔塔加鞍部拍照，都有小黑蚊... 有沒有小黑蚊已向上遷移適應的八卦 友人說：我媽說他的名字叫黑頭狗仔,比一般小黑蚊咬的還硬,較難好 text/html 2011-05-12T20:03:37-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=advance_regeneration&rev=1305252217&do=diff ecology forest seedlings and saplings established in forest understory before disturbance (so called “advance regeneration”) make a significant, if not dominant, contribution to future stand composition. seedling bank, a pool of suppressed seedlings waiting for enhanced resource availability to complete their life cycle, could reside in the forest understory for a few to over 100 years!! text/html 2011-10-22T21:24:37-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=allee&rev=1319340277&do=diff Ecology Allee effect on wikipedia : is a phenomenon in biology characterized by a positive correlation between population density and the per capita population growth rate in very small populations. 錯誤理解：(部分原因來自於當動物(prey)已較少，較容易各自均有其避難所) text/html 2011-10-14T00:04:20-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=allocation&rev=1318572260&do=diff Ecology,molles Principle of allocation, Levins(1968)《Evolution in Changing Environments》: the principle that if an organism allocates energy to one function, such as growth or reproduction, it reduces the amount of energy available to other functions, such as defense. text/html 2012-02-27T06:50:40-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=autocorrelation&rev=1330350640&do=diff statistics in ecology see also spatial analysis, 空間迴歸模型 the autocorrelation of a series ryy(k) may be defined as the ratio of its autocovariance syy(k) to its variance s2y = syy(0) 《Numerical Ecology with R》p655 spatial autocorrelation is known to influence the interpretation of statistical models by affecting tests of significance of the association between species distributions and envi-ronmental factors (Selmi and Boulinier 2001, Legendre et al. 2002, Peres-Neto 2004), as well as calculated … text/html 2012-04-23T15:35:49-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=awa&rev=1335216949&do=diff 巴西伐木商 屠殺原民惡行曝光 2012-4-24 自由時報 原民部落 瀕臨滅絕 〔國際新聞中心／綜合報導〕為開發巴西亞馬遜森林，伐木公司竟然雇用槍手狙擊當地原住民，導致一支全族僅存355人的原住民部落瀕臨滅絕，人道組織怒斥這種作法形同種族滅絕，原住民維權組織在奧斯卡金像獎影帝柯林佛斯（Colin Firth）支持下，發動遏止屠殺運動，呼籲政府等機構介入。 text/html 2011-04-17T17:37:38-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=behavioral_ecology&rev=1303083458&do=diff Ecology Molles : the studies which concentrate on interactions between organisms and environment that are mediated by behaviors text/html 2011-04-07T08:23:17-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=binomial_distribution&rev=1302186197&do=diff statistics 二項分佈 on 維基百科 it's said : “一個簡單的例子如下：擲一枚骰子十次，那麼擲得4的次數就服從n = 10、p = 1/6的二項分布。” 二項分布與大數法則 - 理論與實際相連 by 曹亮吉 it's said : “因此只要情況適合，我們當然就捨二項分布而就 Poisson 分布了。 通常只要 n 很大，p 很小， 不大不小而且是個已知定數，Poisson 分布就可以代替二項分布了，譬如某商店每星期進進出出的客人很多（=n），但每個客人買魚子醬的機率很小（=p），只知道平均一星期賣出兩罐：。那麼這家商店每星期開始時應有幾罐魚子醬的庫存？當然不能只有兩罐，因為平均歸平均，售量超過平均數的機率很大。當然庫存太多也會影響整個商店的運作。根據 Poisson 分布 p(x;2)，我們算得表三：… text/html 2011-11-26T18:53:00-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=brinicle&rev=1322358780&do=diff Time lapse BBC Nature: Brinicle ice finger of death filmed in Antarctic <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMhBuSBemRk> 南極海底「死亡冰柱」　所到之處急凍任何生命！ 自1960年發現此名為「Brinicle」的自然現象以來，這是人類首度用攝影機將之完整紀錄。 text/html 2011-09-06T00:37:26-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=burnout&rev=1315291046&do=diff 【社會心理】你累壞了嗎？ ■ 你曾經因為工作量過大而感覺喘不過氣嗎？你曾經因為工作內容單調而感覺工作挑戰不足嗎？你曾經因為工作不被老闆肯定而感覺疲憊嗎？不管怎麼說，心理影響生理，如果有以上經驗，都可能是「倦怠症」的高危險族群。 text/html 2011-10-15T18:48:07-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=c3&rev=1318726087&do=diff Biology C3 photosynthesis,molles CO2, combine with 5-C (RuBP, ribulose bisphosphate) which is catalyzed by the enzyme RuBP carboxylase(rubisco) -->　PGA(phosphoglyceric acid, 3-C acid) problem 1. RuBP carboxylase has a low affinity for CO2! (在CO2濃度較高處效率較佳，但在蒸散強處，氣孔導度不好，CO2濃度降，進一步引發光合作用效率的下降) text/html 2011-10-16T02:01:42-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=c4&rev=1318752102&do=diff Biology C4 photosynthesis,molles CO2, combine with 4-C (PEP, phosphoenol pyruvate) (in mesophyll cells) which is catalyzed by the enzyme PEP carboxylase -->　4-C acid, and then diffuse to bundle sheath cells, C4 aicd are broken down to pyruvate(then return to mesophyll) and CO2, again, combine with 5-C (RuBP) which is catalyzed by RuBP carboxylase(rubisco) -->　PGA(phosphoglyceric acid, 3-C acid) text/html 2011-05-20T05:16:11-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=carapa&rev=1305890171&do=diff Ecology Research Station, and its main species Carapa sp. in carapa.org, located at Guyana and photo on P.M. Forget text/html 2011-11-07T18:42:09-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=carbon_cycle&rev=1320716529&do=diff ecology of carbon cycling in biosphere, nutrient cycling biological importance : essential part of all organic molecules; substantially influence global climate change. constituents of the atmosphere : CO2, CH4, move between organisms and the atmosphere as two reciprocal processes : photosynthesis and respiration text/html 2011-11-07T18:47:42-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=carbon_sink&rev=1320716862&do=diff carbon sink 碳匯, ecology about carbon cycle in biosphere 海洋碳匯新聞 聯合國將制定全球藍碳市場 強調海洋碳匯功能 森林土壤碳匯 氣候變遷救星出列 森林土壤藴碳機，全文引用自環境資訊協會，如連結： text/html 2011-04-17T18:25:08-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=caste&rev=1303086308&do=diff ecology Molles : we define caste as a group of physically distinctive individuals that engage in specialized behavior within the colony. (in sociobiology, social relations) text/html 2011-04-07T08:21:20-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=cell2nb&rev=1302186080&do=diff R cell2nb {spdep} in R but Roger Bivand suggested, use rather dnearneigh: Most of the use examples of cell2nb() are that one generates the nb object first to use in studying the properties of tests and estimators, because a grid on a torus has no edge effects. The positions are encoded in the “region.id” attribute of the nb object - the example in ?cell2nb shows their decoding to retreive coordinates corresponding to your case. text/html 2011-04-24T19:53:38-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=character_displacement&rev=1303696418&do=diff ecology character displacement : changes in the physical characteristics of a species' population as a consequence of natural selection for reduced interspecific competition. " interspecific competition has been predicted to lead to directional selection for reduced niche overlap." text/html 2011-02-23T07:36:57-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=christchurch&rev=1298471817&do=diff earthquake disaster 2011/2/22 New Zealand 塔斯曼冰河 崩冰3000萬噸 在眼前... <http://media.kansascity.com/smedia/2011/02/22/12/618-APTOPIX_New_Zealand_Earthquake_Glacier.sff.standalone.prod_affiliate.81.jpg> 紐西蘭和澳洲今年是多事之年... sigh 圖：<http://www.kansascity.com/2011/02/22/2674928/nz-earthquake-death-toll-at-75.html> (紐西蘭基督城大地震新聞圖集) text/html 2011-12-15T09:30:59-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=cloud_forest&rev=1323966659&do=diff montane cloud forest Community Cloud Forest Conservation LTER Luquillo LTER - LUQ Description other informations : Guatemala's largest protected cloud forest, also the largest in Central America, is Sierra de Las Minas Biosphere Reserve, and along with Chelemhá Cloud Forest Preserve and Biotopo Mario Dary Rivera, can be found in the area called the Cloud Forest Biological Corridor. map text/html 2011-11-16T01:10:55-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=cob_house&rev=1321431055&do=diff architecture, 自然建築之 cob house 土團屋 劉德輔@FB 相片集 text/html 2011-10-21T19:33:19-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=competition&rev=1319247199&do=diff ecology Occurrences of interference or exploitation between individuals because sharing common resource and/or limit of resource. interference : direct aggressive(/antagonistic) interactions between individuals exploitation : resource competition through rate of utilizing resource. text/html 2012-02-21T18:21:37-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=correlogram&rev=1329873697&do=diff R sp.correlogram {spdep} correlog {pgirmess} Different Moran's I correlograms using correlog{ncf} and sp.correlogram{spdep} from [R-sig-Geo] It's said.... “No, because correlog{ncf} bins the distances, but sp.correlogram{spdep} adds higher order lags - here the second lag of i (with first order neighbours j) is the set of all points k that are neighbours of points j and neither i nor in j. It depends on graph edge counts, not distance as such. They aren't comparable, really. If you want… text/html 2011-05-23T19:09:31-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=cox&rev=1306199371&do=diff survival analysis statistics Cox Proportional Hazards Model 某些變數可能影響研究結果，這些變數可視為存活時間(反應變數)的共變數(解釋變數，風險因子)。調整這些潛在的解釋變數後，計算各種treatments的存活時間或機率，會有較少的偏誤(林建甫，存活分析)。最常用的方式，便是使用迴歸分析中的 Cox比例危險模型 text/html 2011-10-04T23:47:38-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=dendroclimatology&rev=1317793658&do=diff tree ring chronology, climate change 原文連結:中國大百科全書 參考新聞：年輪印證歷史 氣候變遷可能導致明朝滅亡 【漢語拼音】nianlun qihouxue 【中文詞條】年輪氣候學 【外文詞條】dendroclimatology 【作　　者】鄭斯中　吳祥定 text/html 2011-05-01T04:51:08-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=diet_model&rev=1304247068&do=diff Ecology Optimal Diet model " Most animals consume a narrower range of food types than they are morphologically capable of consuming 魚與熊掌難以兼得" Criteria : an individual would increase diet width if E2/h2 > E1/(s1+h1) " E : energy, h : handling time, s: search time E2/h2 : the rate of intake, if it handles the second in its diet E1(s1+h1) : the rate of intake the best(/most favorable) one (該個體最愛食物)" text/html 2011-09-20T20:04:25-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=disturbance&rev=1316570665&do=diff functional trait, adaptation, life history Traits of life history strategies are adaptations to particular disturbance regimes (Loehle, 2000) Ex : Shade tolerance, tree height, capacity for vegetative reproduction, seed dispersal distance text/html 2012-02-03T16:21:01-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=dnearneigh&rev=1328311261&do=diff R dnearneigh {spdep} in R test code provided on web: require(spdep) require(ncf) xy <- expand.grid(x=1:20, y=1:5) zori <- rmvn.spa(x=x, y=y, p=2, method=“exp”) xy$z <- scale(zori) coordinates(xy) <- c(“x”, “y”) wrz <- dnearneigh(xy, 0, sqrt(2)) wrz lisarz = localmoran(x=xy$z, listw=nb2listw(wrz)) str(lisarz) text/html 2011-10-14T10:25:14-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=dyszoochorous&rev=1318609514&do=diff seed dispersal dyszoochorous are seeds and nuts that are consumed by seed predators, but are not dispersed actively by animals / Chen Yu-yun,2007 text/html 2011-10-13T20:10:02-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=ecology&rev=1318558202&do=diff The relationship between organisms and environment see also 生態科學的幾個脈絡 -- The progress of Ecology and on plurk discussion 生態學的另一面向，並不只有”科學”，她是包括”家”(Oecologie)的範疇的所有智識，其中有很大一部分，屬於哲學的思維。 text/html 2011-06-19T17:24:36-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=edge_effect&rev=1308525876&do=diff ecology habitat fragmentation, landscape ecology patch shape is the ratio of patch perimeter 周長 to the perimeter of a circle S = P/(2*sqrt(pi*A)) S: patch shape; P: patch perimeter; A: patch area 當S愈接近1 代表棲地愈接近圓； 當S愈大，代表棲地愈狹長或愈不規則破碎，edge愈長，interior內部離edge愈近。 text/html 2011-06-17T06:39:16-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=energy_budget&rev=1308314356&do=diff ecology Energy budget in a temperate deciduous forest (Gosz et al.1978) Solar radiation 100% " reflected light 15% heat loss 41% + evapotranspiration 42% about 2.2% = gross primary production by plants " 1.2% for plant respiration + 1% net primary production <= only 1 of solar input was available to consumers!" text/html 2011-10-03T09:16:15-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=enso&rev=1317654975&do=diff global ecology, or macro-ecology, a global system in biosphere The El Niño Southern Oscillation, a large-scale atmospheric and oceanic phenomenon, influences ecological system on a global scale. 當聖嬰現象時，約聖誕節前後，南太平洋東岸(秘魯, Tahiti等)海洋暖流帶來升高的水溫，且大氣壓較西側為低，西側氣流推升往東，在東岸沉降，並將多數在太平洋形成的風暴帶向東岸(Walker circulation)，為此地帶來潮濕的雨季。相反地，在南太平洋西側(印度、Darwin in 澳洲)一帶，大氣壓較高，此大在南太平洋兩側形成的大氣壓差，在聖嬰年為負值(東岸減去西岸，Southern Oscillation Index, SOI)，在反聖嬰(La Niña)年為正值，而形成一震盪現象，故稱之為南方震盪(Southern Oscillation)。此震盪在1904-1924年間由Gilbert … text/html 2011-04-17T20:02:09-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=eusociality&rev=1303092129&do=diff ecology sociobiology see also : social relations, behavioral ecology The more complex level of social behavior, which is considered to be the pinnacle of social evolution, is called eusociality. Eusociality include three major characteristics : 1. individuals of more than one generation living together 多代同堂 2. cooperative care of young 合作育幼 3. labor division 分工 (division of individuals into nonreprodictive and reproductive castes. text/html 2011-05-01T19:15:30-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=exploitation&rev=1304298930&do=diff ecology exploitation : interaction between populations that enhance fitness of one individual while reducing fitness of the exploited individual, such as predation,herbivory, parasitism and disease. Types of predators True predators Grazerrs Herbivores Parasites (not kill, comsume part of host (1 or few prey)~ text/html 2011-04-07T07:53:52-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=feeep&rev=1302184432&do=diff globalization food sustainable 六、APEC FEEEP議題探討 — 21世紀亞太地區人口、經濟、 糧食、能源與環境問題 (台大全球變遷研究中心 柳中明) 6.1 FEEEP背景簡述 1995年「亞太經貿合作」（APEC；Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation）在日本大阪召開之領袖會議中，各經濟體領袖一致同意：快速擴張的人口與急劇的經濟成長，將對糧食與能源的需求，以及環境的壓迫，造成嚴重衝擊；所以應將此關注納入APEC的長程議題中，探討彼此所應採取之聯合行動，以確保亞太地區經濟榮景之永續。… text/html 2011-04-17T17:45:57-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=fitness&rev=1303083957&do=diff ecology Molles : Number of offspring (genes) contributed by an individual to the future generation. (mostly important thing is Survivorship and Reproduction) text/html 2011-06-29T22:18:34-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=food&rev=1309407514&do=diff life,消費 in global What The World Eats @ food matters text/html 2011-02-23T02:24:40-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=fsc&rev=1298453080&do=diff Forest sustainable green product FSC亞太地區供應商 ecowoodasia.org 台灣FSC(森林管理委員會)推廣部落格 said : “Forest Stewardship Council 森林監管委員會，簡單來說，它是一個獨立、非政府、非營利的組織，成立的目的是推廣永續經營世界的森林。FSC的木業產品(含紙張)則為對”森林友善”的產品。” text/html 2011-04-07T08:00:33-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=gallery_plugin&rev=1302184833&do=diff plugin plugin of dokuwiki for gallery plugin text/html 2011-10-16T04:39:31-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=gap&rev=1318761571&do=diff Seed Ecology by Michel Fenner 8.2) Gap size, p118: species diversity may well be a reflection of gap diversity gap properties: size, shape, slope, aspect, soil texture, time of formation, length of persistence. fig8.1, p119: Canopy phases分成(a)Gaps, (b)Building phase (indicating former gapes), (c)mature forests (Whitmore, 1975) size是最重要特性，大部分gap size都很小(the feqency distribution of gap sizes tends to be lognormal)。 text/html 2011-05-23T01:28:56-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=gapminder&rev=1306135736&do=diff statistics in global trends Gapminder on web for visualized statistics data of global development trends in the world also see cywhale said： Powerful~但也見，每個國家都拼命往右上角擠，因此世界又熱又平又擠；二則另個危險：無法被量化的，將難以被當做政策發展指標！三者過去說地圖權力學，現在將是網路權力學的極致！請看Hans Rosling用前所未有的方法詮釋數字統計TED... text/html 2011-04-24T07:59:37-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=gause&rev=1303653577&do=diff ecology Gauses's Principle = Competitive exclusion principle : Two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely. One will be a better competitor and thus have higher fitness and eventually exclude the other. see also niche competition and Lotka-Volterra model text/html 2011-06-19T17:11:33-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=geographic_ecology&rev=1308525093&do=diff ecology Molles said: Geographic ecology began on 1799, Alexander von Humboldt, sailed out... he said :“I shall try to find out how the forces of nature interract upon one another and how the geographic environment influences plant and animal life.” 植物地理學之始。 text/html 2011-06-19T11:34:18-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=glacier_bay&rev=1308504858&do=diff succession in ecology Glacier Bay, Alaska John Muir, in 1879, started to explored the coast of Alaska, and in 1915, described forests, colonized plants, fossil wood, etc. there, and read by W. S. Cooper. Cooper then visited Glacier Bay in 1916, started the study of succession. text/html 2012-02-03T16:14:10-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=globalmorani&rev=1328310850&do=diff spatial analysis, statistics 空間自相關 (Global Moran's I) 的工作原理 p 值不具有統計學上的顯著性。 * 不能拒絕零假設。要素值的空間分布很有可能是隨機空間過程的結果。觀測到的要素值空間模式可能只是完全空間隨機性 (CSR) 的衆多可能結果之一。 p 值具有統計學上的顯著性，且 z 得分為正值。 text/html 2012-02-03T16:47:55-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=gls&rev=1328312875&do=diff regression model in statistics, mixed effects modelling in the book <<Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R>> In all these chapters, the model consists of a fixed term and a random term. The fixed term describes the response variable Y as a function of the explanatory variables via α + β 1 × X 1 + . . . + β q × X q in linear regression or α + f 1 (X 1 )+ . . . + f q (X q ) in additive modelling. This part of the model is described in Appendix A and Chapter 3. text/html 2011-02-18T08:32:18-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=gmo&rev=1298043138&do=diff food GMO 基改，基因改造, (GMO，Genetically Modified Organism) GMO面面觀 text/html 2011-04-17T02:20:21-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=handicap_principle&rev=1303028421&do=diff ecology evolution Handicap Principle, 不利條件原理 text/html 2011-11-20T22:07:15-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=hanuman&rev=1321852035&do=diff Novel,神話 哈奴曼(Hanuman) 是印度神猴，能任意變換身形、飛騰空中，讓人很難不聯想到中國潑猴孫悟空；《西遊記》中孫悟空大鬧天宮，便是《羅摩衍那》裡哈奴曼大鬧羅剎王宮的翻版。 ～引自【貓頭鷹書房@FB】 《印度史詩神話百科》 iPad版電子書@ 貓頭鷹文學部落格 :: 痞客邦 PIXNET <http://owlblog.pixnet.net/blog/post/29362314> text/html 2011-05-20T17:51:08-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=hazard&rev=1305935468&do=diff survival analysis statistics Hazard function in survival analysis, or said hazard rate, 危險函數：為一個條件機率，當給定存活時間Ｘ大於或等於x為條件時，在 X=x的瞬間失敗率(在該特定時間,event of failure發生的機率) text/html 2011-04-07T07:49:21-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=haze&rev=1302184161&do=diff environment forest climate 五、東南亞的霾害：現代啟示錄 (台大大氣科學系暨台大全球變遷研究 中心組長 許晃雄) 人類的歷史是一部不斷與自然搶奪資源的對抗史。早期的人類，如同所有的生物，是為了生存。在科技不發達的年代，與自然對抗的結果，人大多為自然的狂妄所吞噬。歷經無數的年代與無數生命的犧牲，人類的生存空間得以逐步的拓展開來。人，不愧是最具「智慧」的生物，不但克服了生存的難題，甚至藉著進步的科技，反過來肆無忌憚的剝削大地之母。然而，大自然的運作是如此的龐大、複雜，即使是二十世紀末的人類仍無法窺其全貌，反而經常為大自然的反噬所吞沒。最近發生在東南亞的霾害就是最好的例子。… text/html 2011-10-14T02:49:39-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=heat_loss&rev=1318582179&do=diff Biology, Temperature regulation with heat gain and loss (g/l) Hs = Hm +- Hcd +- Hcv +- Hr - He Hs : total heat stored in the body of an organism Hm : Metabolic heat, heat gain by metabolism Hcd : Conduction, the transfer of heat between objects in direct physical contact. (heat g/l by conduction) Hcv : Convection, the process of heat flow between a solid body and a moving fluid. (heat g/l by convection) Hr : Heat g/l by electromagnetic radiation He : Heat loss through evaporation text/html 2012-02-03T16:44:18-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=heterogeneity&rev=1328312658&do=diff statistics 在統計上是相對於(不符合；違反） the homogeneity of variance assumption, one of the most important assumptions of linear regression and additive modelling. Ignoring this problem may result in regression parameters with incorrect standard errors, and an F statistic no longer F distributed and the t statistic not following a t distribution. This invalidates the statistics used in Chapters 2 and 3 for assessing statistical significance (Wooldridge, 2006) (in the book «Mixed effects models and extensions… text/html 2011-11-22T01:33:15-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=humboldt&rev=1321950795&do=diff People, ecology, ecological philosophy 　　其二，洪堡（Alexander von Humboldt, 1769-1859）在1845-1859年陸續出版了《宇宙》(Kosmos)五卷，除了他對植物地理學、系統生態學等等的重大貢獻外，更在於他勾勒出「整體論」(Holism)的生態思想範疇。在尺度上，如同有機論所主張將大自然中的萬物視為一和諧的整體，彼此之間有密切的互動，強調整體並不等於個體的總和。較為不同的是在方法上，他以科學的統計、分析方法探究環境對植物的影響，像是氣候這種自然界力量的重要性，這種客觀「貶低了造物主從天堂之崇高位置上，控制著地球極其生物或『經濟體系』的作用」(p170)；換句話說，18世紀的有機論其主體之上仍有造物者掌控，主體有其目的，是為了讚美這創世的智慧與仁慈。而洪堡的整體論著重在此本體當中便已存在綜合而客觀的力量，決定了彼此間的連繫。現代論述多從梭羅的整體論觀點出發，梭羅其實受洪堡影響頗多，然而兩人的整體論又有些不同：梭羅對於自然本身懷抱宗教式的虔敬（如前段所述），而有「同感」的涉入；洪堡之於自然整體美的感動，則是透過科學… text/html 2011-06-19T18:36:19-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=island_biogeography&rev=1308530179&do=diff geographic ecology The equilibrium model of island biogeography : The patterns of species richness on islands could be described by the dynamic balance between rates of immigration and extinction of species. proposed by McArthur and E.O.Wilson, 1963, 1967. text/html 2011-03-27T17:06:28-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=isotope&rev=1301267188&do=diff ecology isotopes : Atoms whose nuclei contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons 質子數相同但中子數不同，所以在元素週期表位置相同 有 stable isotope, radioactive isotope 質子數和中子數愈接近則愈穩定，否之，則易輻射 => release particles and energy => 變成 another atoms text/html 2011-10-16T16:57:10-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=kin_selection&rev=1318805830&do=diff ecology evolution Molles : Selection will favor diverting resources to kin under conditions where its benefit to the helper with improved survival and reproduction of kin, exceeding its costs to the helper " " Hamilton's rule : RgB - C > 0 Rg : genetic relatedness of the helper and the recipient. B : reproductive benefit gained by the recipient. C : reproductive cost to the helper of giving aid" text/html 2011-08-12T07:38:54-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=klesan&rev=1313156334&do=diff People：林克孝 原文網址: 林克孝．莎韻之鐘．李香蘭．月光小夜曲 | NOWnews 今日新聞網 記者朱錦華／綜合報導 台新金控總經理林克孝在南澳的滂沱大雨中失足墜谷。墜落的地點，正巧是他戀戀不忘的原住民少女莎韻(又作沙韻)的原鄉。 text/html 2011-11-22T01:33:51-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=kosmos&rev=1321950831&do=diff ecological philosophy, 生態思想史 洪堡（Alexander von Humboldt, 1769-1859）在1845-1859年陸續出版了《宇宙》(Kosmos)五卷... (其內容待查，後補..) see also Humboldt text/html 2011-11-28T22:47:39-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=kuo&rev=1322545659&do=diff The word, People He’s one pitch away. I don’t know when that pitch is。他還有一球吧，但我不知道那最後一球何時到來。(​Stan Conte，道奇隊郭泓志的運動防護員對郭的評價)~~ 轉引自吳明益，內有原文出處 text/html 2011-06-19T17:28:43-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=landscape&rev=1308526123&do=diff landscape ecology: the study of the relationship between spatial patterns and ecological processes over a range of scales, crossing different landscape elements (that's, the ecosystems in a landscape, which generally form a mosaic or visually distinctive patches.) text/html 2011-04-14T05:48:30-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=least_squares&rev=1302781710&do=diff regression Minimize / Solving the least squares problem Least squares on wikipedia text/html 2011-02-17T21:05:46-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=leed&rev=1298001946&do=diff 綠建築 Global warming 低碳生活部落格： 根據美研究機構PIKE近日調查，綠建築標準(LEED)，是美國人最不熟悉的綠色領城，遠低於太陽能和風能，但建築卻可能是對抗暖化的最前線。 《經濟學人》雜誌近日舉辦的一場論壇裏，專家就以紐約為例，指有80%溫室氣體就是由建築內所產生，而建築內真正使用到發電廠產生的總能源，也僅有27%，其他都在傳輸與能量轉換上浪費掉了。 text/html 2011-05-22T05:03:10-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=likelihood&rev=1306062190&do=diff statistics probability : 舉例：若有一公平硬幣，丟100次，則出現正面100次的機率為？ likelihood：丟一硬幣100次出現了正面100次，則此硬幣為公平硬幣的可能性有多高？ 如果知道一事件的發生是受到n組參數影響，我們觀察一系列事件的發生結果(outcomes)，得到發生之機率分布，想知道怎麼樣的參數組合才可能得到這樣的結果，而可以用這些參數組合構成的函數，來描述此事件。這此函數稱之為此事件的概似函數likelihood function。… text/html 2011-04-12T20:55:39-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=literature&rev=1302663339&do=diff literature to read, not yet.... in Ecology from Scopus, keywords : herbivory interactions forest dynamics plots seedling survival 更新動態 生活史 較著重物種族群? Regeneration of a Mediterranean oak: A whole-cycle approach 2005 Ecoscience 12 (1), pp. 92-102 text/html 2011-04-07T08:02:18-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=log_transform&rev=1302184938&do=diff statistics R Do not log-transform count data Robert B. O’Hara, D. Johan Kotze Methods in Ecology & Evolution Volume 1, Issue 2, pages 118–122, June 2010 Summary 1. Ecological count data (e.g. number of individuals or species) are often log-transformed to satisfy parametric test assumptions. text/html 2011-05-01T06:21:45-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=lotka-volterra&rev=1304252505&do=diff ecology mathematic model for Lotka-Volterra model for 1 species : dN/dt = rm*N*(1-N/K) K : carrying factor ; rm : intrinsic rates of increase for 2 species (a12,a21 : competition coefficients) dN1/dt = rm1*N1*(1-N1/K1-a12*N2/K1) dN2/dt = rm2*N2*(1-N2/K2-a21*N1/K2) text/html 2011-06-13T20:29:15-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=macarthur_s_warblers&rev=1308018555&do=diff Ecology 經典案例.. MacArthur's Warblers text/html 2011-06-19T16:50:34-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=macro-ecology&rev=1308523834&do=diff 在最大的全球地理尺度上，屬於Macro ecology (“a large-scale statistical approach to questions about abundance, distribution, and diversity” by J. H. Brown(1995))的格局，已很難進行操控實驗。例如丁宗蘇採用大量收集鳥類觀察記錄與文獻，取得繁殖地域之資料；以大量的資料沖銷個別資料的不精確性，這是在Reality、Generality、Precision三個requirements 下犧牲 Precision 所取得的折衷；如此，用所有鳥種觀察記錄，總共2000多種鳥類繁殖範圍疊圖，得到較大尺度下鳥種分布之模式。此研究發現 1. 隔離的島嶼鳥類多樣性均小於鄰近的大陸地區；2. 這也使得東亞地區在熱帶、赤道附近並非鳥類多樣性最高的區域，而是在北回歸線附近。另以大尺度的植生指標－遙測 remote sensing 取得的 NDVI 為基礎，此指數可做為初級生產力 primary production 的指標－而得到和鳥類豐度成正比的關係，顯示了energy limite… text/html 2011-06-17T01:12:52-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=master_thesis&rev=1308294772&do=diff my_own thesis literature 臺灣中海拔楠梓仙溪上游森林動態樣區凋落葉動態與物候類型 The Dynamics of Leaf Litter and Phenological Patterns in the Forest Dynamics Plot at Upstream Basin of Nantzuhsienhsi in Middle Elevation of Taiwan text/html 2011-06-24T01:38:50-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=median_polish&rev=1308901130&do=diff statistics R methodology time series analysis Median polish on wikipedia : “The median polish is an exploratory data analysis procedure proposed by the statistician John Tukey. It finds an additively-fit model for data in a two-way layout table (usually, results from a factorial experiment) of the form row effect + column effect + overall median.” text/html 2012-02-21T21:47:38-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=mem&rev=1329886058&do=diff spatial analysis,statistics in ecology 《Numerical Ecology with R》Old version? p263 The PCNM method provides an elegant way of constructing sets of linearly independent spatial variables. Since its publication, it has gained a wide audience and has been applied in several research papers. But it is not the end of the story. text/html 2011-10-16T04:01:33-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=mimicry&rev=1318759293&do=diff Ecology, molles mimicry 擬態 Mullerian mimicry : comimicry among several species of noxious有毒的 organisms (有毒的都有鮮豔的顏色pattern) Batesian mimicry : evolution of nonnoxious species to resemble a poisonous or inedible species. text/html 2012-02-05T08:00:17-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=mixed_effects&rev=1328454017&do=diff statistics, linear regression modelling see Some Notes on Mixed Models “A mixed-effects model or simply a mixed model is a model that includes a mixture of fixed and random factors. Recall that each factor in an experiment has levels. The effects associated with a factor are the effects that the levels of the factor have on the response variable of interest. text/html 2011-06-19T18:12:34-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=molles&rev=1308528754&do=diff Manuel C. Molles Jr., Ecology, Concepts and Application, 5th edition gif resource text/html 2012-02-21T18:44:52-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=moran_s_i&rev=1329875092&do=diff spatial analysis,statistics in ecology see also: globalmorani moran_scatter_plot correlogram 空間迴歸模型 autocorrelation 《Numerical Ecology with R》p716: Moran’s I formula is related to Pearson’s correlation coefficient; its numerator is a covariance, comparing the values found at all pairs of points in turn, while its denominator is the maximum-likelihood estimator of the variance (i.e. division by n instead of n – 1); in Pearson’s r, the denominator is the product of t… text/html 2012-02-03T16:13:12-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=moran_scatter_plot&rev=1328310792&do=diff R spatial analysis Moran Scatter Plot text/html 2011-06-15T00:01:02-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=mountain_brace&rev=1308117662&do=diff landslide 土石流 生態工法錯誤案例，台灣高山水土保持之痛 Taiwan mountain brace <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taiwanmountainbrace.JPG> landslide on 陳有蘭溪附近山脈 衛星影像 On December 17, 2010, the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) captured this natural-color image of landslide-scarred mountains in central Taiwan... from NASA Earth Observatory text/html 2011-10-23T00:35:31-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=mycorrhizae&rev=1319351731&do=diff fungi biology arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF 叢枝菌根菌 : mycorrhizae in which that the mycorrhizal fungus produces " arbuscules : sites of exchange between plant and fungus hyphae : fungal filaments, the basic unit of fungi vesicles : fungal energy storage organs within root cortex cells" text/html 2011-02-14T07:54:26-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=mzk-mf300n&rev=1297695266&do=diff product PCI MZK-MF300N 802.11n 超迷你高速無線寬頻分享器 <http://www.planex.com.tw/product/soho/router/image/mzk-mf300n-1.gif> text/html 2011-04-14T19:17:52-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=nan_hauser&rev=1302830272&do=diff Ocean People Nan Hauser 鯨豚保育 http://www.whaleresearch.org/ Satellite Tagging Humpbacks In The South Pacific - Windows On The Whales' World 動物頻道的介紹... 「保育學家南恩豪瑟在南太平洋巴哈馬與庫克群島為鯨魚奉獻心力。在群島固定出沒的有海豚、座頭鯨和抹香鯨‚除了這些鯨豚以外‚南恩豪瑟也為一種亟需幫助的鯨魚深深著迷‚那就是喙鯨。大部分人根本沒聽過喙鯨‚喙鯨能在深海活動‚而體型相較於其他鯨魚並不龐大。南恩豪瑟針對這些雄偉的動物進行10年的研究計畫‚決心鞏固鯨魚的未來。多虧南恩豪瑟等保育學家的努力‚為鯨魚保育盡心盡力‚人類才能漸漸學習欣賞鯨魚並且與鯨魚和平共處。」… text/html 2011-02-19T02:48:53-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=nb2listw&rev=1298108933&do=diff R from Springer : Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R CH9 The nb2listw function takes a neighbours list object and converts it into a weights object. The default conversion style is W, where the weights for each areal entity are standardised to sum to unity; this is also often called row standardisation. text/html 2011-06-19T17:03:16-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=ndvi&rev=1308524596&do=diff landscape / global ecology, see also remote sensing, macro-ecology NDVI: Normalised Difference Vegetation Index see also NDVI 之闡釋及應用 Application in macro-ecology, reference : 丁宗蘇 text/html 2011-02-19T22:09:59-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=negative_binomial_distribution&rev=1298178599&do=diff statistics Negative binomial distribution on wikipedia from article ”Do not log-transform count data” it's said : “To address this problem of data transformation, we simu- lated data from a negative binomial distribution (as count data in ecology are often clumped, producing an expected variance that is greater than the mean, see McCullagh & Nelder 1989; White & Bennetts 1996; Dalthorp 2004), which we then sub- jected to various transformations [square root and log(y + n)].” text/html 2011-10-21T19:52:21-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=niche&rev=1319248341&do=diff ecology Molles said: a Niche reflects the environmental requirements of a species for growth,survival and reproduction. fundamental niche : the physical conditions under which a species might live, in the absence of interactions with other species. (Grinnell 1917) text/html 2011-06-19T08:07:15-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=nitrogen_cycle&rev=1308492435&do=diff ecology in biosphere, nutrient cycling biological importance : key biomolecules of important structures and functions of organisms, such as amino acids, nucleic acids and the porphyrin rings of chlorophyll and hemoglobin. Also limit rates of primary production in marine and terrestrial environments. text/html 2011-12-06T19:40:10-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=nms&rev=1323225610&do=diff ordination in vegetation analysis, PCORD NMS, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, performs very well even when beta diversity is high. The technique is increasingly used in community ecology. 1. Suitable for data that are nonnormal or are on arbitrary, discontinuous, or otherwise questionable scale text/html 2012-02-03T17:41:23-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=normal_distribution&rev=1328316083&do=diff statistics ... <待續> see also Poisson distribution text/html 2011-05-20T05:21:46-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=nouragues&rev=1305890506&do=diff Nouragues biological statoin at carapa.org also see carapa and another introduction to Nouragues 叢林中的努裏格生態站 text/html 2011-06-19T07:04:08-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=nutrient_cycling&rev=1308488648&do=diff ecology in biosphere Nutrient cycling : The use,transformation, movement and reuse of nutrients in ecosystems. A nutrient sink is a part of the biosphere where a particular nutrient is absorbed faster than it is released. In the contrast, nutrient source text/html 2011-05-21T23:10:01-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=odds_ratio&rev=1306041001&do=diff statistics The odds ratio is the ratio of the odds of an event occurring in one group to the odds of it occurring in another group. (on Wikipedia) = (p1/(1-p1))/(p2/(1-p2)) ( thus , odds for each group is p1/(1-p1), p2/(1-p2)) 　　Y=1　Y=0 －－－－－－－－－ text/html 2011-10-22T19:53:55-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=oft&rev=1319334835&do=diff Ecology Optimal foraging theory : The model assume natural selection would favor individuals maximize energy intake per unit time(E/T) because limited access to energy E/T = (Ne1E1-Cs)/(1+Ne1H1) > [(Ne1E1-Cs)+(Ne2E2-Cs)]/(1+Ne1H1++Ne2H2) " Ne1, Ne2 : the numbers of prey 1,2 H1,H2 : the handling time of prey 1,2 Energy : energy intake from prey 1,2 Cs : energy cost while handling and feeding" text/html 2011-12-14T09:21:35-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=ogawa&rev=1323879695&do=diff LTER, long-term ecological research site in Japan, JaLTER Ogawa forest: Cool temperate deciduous broad-leaf forests dominated by Fagus crenata, Fagus japonica, Quercus serrata, etc. Because there is little snowfall accumulation, these are part of the Pacific-type Fagus forests. Located on the gentle slopes of the southern Abukuma Mountains, they are surrounded by secondary deciduous broad-leaf forests, Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) plantations, and grasslands. Although there is no record of cutti… text/html 2011-04-07T08:12:22-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=ol_farmer&rev=1302185542&do=diff people 我不幹了！ OL跑去花蓮當農夫 / 自由電子報 2011-2-14 〔記者林秀姿／台北報導〕「人，來到這個世界上就只是為了上班賺錢的嗎？」有個小女生放棄光鮮亮麗、得獎無數的廣告文案工作，跑到花蓮鄉下當農夫，人生暴走一年，現在唯一的「正職」，卻是賺不了一毛錢、為農夫發聲的facebook「直接跟農夫買」粉絲團團長。 text/html 2011-12-06T19:30:51-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=ordination&rev=1323225051&do=diff vegetation analysis 舊文：What is DCA - Introduction @ http://seedrain.ecol-ist.org，部分觀念可能未能精確，來日再更補 PCA, CCA see only the portion of the configuration that fits a limited perspective, as specified by the particular underlying model. (何意?? normality? ). NMS, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, on the other hand, can see a much wider range of structures. NMS differs fundamentally in design and interpretation form other ordination techniques. text/html 2011-12-08T01:38:46-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=pca&rev=1323333526&do=diff ordination in vegetation analysis, PCORD PCA, principal components analysis 1. is an ideal technique for data with approximately linear relationships among variables " With relatively homogenous community data sets, PCA can be effective. " 2. but the typical multivariate “dust bunny” distribution found in species space forces very awkward fits to a linear model text/html 2011-09-21T19:31:41-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=persistence_niche&rev=1316655101&do=diff persistence niche reference : Ecology of sprouting in woody plants: the persistence niche text/html 2011-06-17T07:24:40-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=phosphorus_cycle&rev=1308317080&do=diff ecology in biosphere, nutrient cycling biological importance : forms part of ATP, RNA, DNA and phospholipid moleclules. 但在生物圈中並不多；和碳、氮循環不同的是，大氣圈並非磷匯 (not include a substantial atmospheric pool)。它最大量儲存在礦床(mineral deposits)和海底沉積岩(marine sediments)。 text/html 2011-10-15T18:16:24-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=photosynthesis&rev=1318724184&do=diff Biology photosynthesis : the conversion of light energy to the chemical energy of organic molecules, is the basis for the life of plants and the ultimate source of energy for most heterotrophic organisms.(molles) photosynthesis could be summarized by : (light interacts with Chlorophyll) 6CO2 + 12H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O (produce sugar and oxygen) text/html 2011-04-07T07:46:49-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=plurk&rev=1302184009&do=diff web My plurk Ecol-ist 魚狗 cywhale 在噗浪 text/html 2012-02-03T19:32:21-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=poisson&rev=1328322741&do=diff statistics, (in the book « Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R») the Poisson probability distribution (in Fig. 8.2D) looks like a normal distribution, it is not equal to a Normal distribution; a Normal distribution has two parameters (the mean μ and the variance σ 2 ),whereas a Poisson distribution only uses one parameter μ (which is the mean and the variance). text/html 2011-09-24T05:58:47-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=population_cycle&rev=1316865527&do=diff Ecology In this section, focus on predator-prey (population) cycle host(/prey) population grows at exponential rate and population size is limited by parasites,pathogens and predators dN/dt = rN - aNP " r : rate of increase a : rate of parasitism /predation (捕食效率, pNhNp=捕食個體數 over time) N,P : Number of host(/preys), parasites(/predators)" text/html 2011-09-24T06:04:23-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=population_dynamics&rev=1316865863&do=diff ecology terminology ex : 非洲殺人蜂, prey-predator relations of kestrels and owls vs. voles = upstream movement (larvae) + drift (mature individuals) 1. colonization cycle : is a dynamic view of stream populations in which upstream and downstream dispersal text/html 2011-10-22T21:56:19-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=predator-prey&rev=1319342179&do=diff Ecology see also : graphs on Preadation : Circular and linear predator/prey models, and so on preys need refuge, predators need immigration, to maintain the stability of population cycle see also : population cycle, and chaos text/html 2011-02-10T07:39:39-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=progress_992&rev=1297348779&do=diff file=<file:D:/class_99/環保與生活/form/progress_992.csv> text/html 2011-02-16T04:27:52-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=quadrat_data_analysis&rev=1297855672&do=diff spatial analysis The original article Diversty, Spatial Patterns, and Competiton in Conventional No-tillage and Organically managed spring wheat sytem in Montana.pdf(Pollnac, 2007) However, there are also spatially explicit methods of analysis, such as quadrat variance techniques (Hill, 1973), which can be applied to continuous data... text/html 2011-10-22T21:25:53-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=refuge_effect&rev=1319340353&do=diff ecology see also : population cycle demonstrated on predator-prey cycles/interactions refuge effects can be occurred 1. in space 2. in number ( living in large group ) 3. by predator satiation / masting 4. by relative size (if large individuals are ignored by predators) text/html 2011-06-19T16:36:04-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=remote_sensing&rev=1308522964&do=diff global ecology remote sensing see also : NDVI text/html 2011-06-19T17:23:23-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=rompa&rev=1308525803&do=diff Ecology Population Dynamics Fragmentation ROMPA : Ratio of Optimal to Marginal Patch Area (ROMPA) Hypothesis Some said : “One way to conceptualise this with respect to arvicolid rodent multi-annual cycles is the ROMPA hypothesis (Lidicker, 1985, 1988,2000; Ostfeld, 1992). ROMPA refers to the ratio of optimal to marginal patch areas and is most frequently expressed as the proportion of a landscape composed of optimal habitat for the target species. The ROMPA could influence the probability that… text/html 2011-06-19T17:24:00-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=scale&rev=1308525840&do=diff spatial analysis scale = average size of (a patch + a gap) = average distance of (two adjacent patches, or two adjacent gaps) patch size = the minimal distance of spatial scale class?? with maximal variance among replicates (Fan,2010) 描述一個pattern（格局、模式）可從它的 scale, intensity, and grain text/html 2011-04-07T08:08:38-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=seed_ecology&rev=1302185318&do=diff ecology literature seed 1. Are all seeds equal? Spatially explicit comparisons of seed fall and sapling recruitment in a tropical forest Keywords: Amazonia;distance dependence;host–pathogen interactions;Janzen–Connell hypothesis;negative density dependence;ontogenetically integrated;Peru;regeneration dynamics;seed dispersal;tropical forest Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 195–201 text/html 2011-05-21T17:29:18-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=seed_size&rev=1306020558&do=diff Ecology seed size selection hypothesis(Smith and Reichman 1984), which explains the comparatively large seed mass in tree species dispersed by scatter-hoarding animals as an evolutionary response to size selectivity by these animals. (Jansen et al., 2004) text/html 2011-04-07T07:55:01-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=sem&rev=1302184501&do=diff statistic sem (SEM) = standard error of the mean = 平均值的標準誤 = 從母群體(population)隨機抽得的多個隨機樣本之平均值，這些平均值集合的標準差。所以SEM會比母群體的標準差小得多。 若母群體為常態分布 normal distribution，則其抽取之隨機樣本的平均值，會非常接近母群體的平均值，所以SEM會小得多。SEM是樣本標準差的 1/sqrt(n) (n:樣本數)。 text/html 2011-10-17T01:01:18-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=sexual_selection&rev=1318834878&do=diff ecology evolution Molles : Mate choice by one sex and/or competition for mates among individuals of the same sex can result in selection for particular traits in individuals, a process called sexual selection. competition for mates among individuals of the same sex : intrasexual selection text/html 2011-04-17T20:03:48-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=social_relations&rev=1303092228&do=diff ecology sociobiology The evolution of sociality is often accompanied by cooperative feeding, defense of the social groups, and restricted reproductive opportunities. see also eusociality text/html 2011-04-17T19:28:33-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=sociobiology&rev=1303090113&do=diff ecology Molles : branch of biology with study of social relations (interested in dominance, reproductive strategy, cooperation, etc.) see also : behavioral ecology text/html 2012-02-27T18:00:12-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=spatial_analysis&rev=1330390812&do=diff spatial analysis spatial structure in ecology Spatial structures observed in ecological communities can arise from two independent processes (Legendre, 1993, Legendre and Legendre, 1998, Section 1.1, Fortin and Dale, 2005, Chapters 1 and 5). Environmental factors that influence species distributions are usually spatially structured and then, through an indirect process, communities of species are also spatially structured; this process is called induced spatial dependence. Spatial autocorrelat… text/html 2011-11-24T22:10:34-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=species_shift&rev=1322197834&do=diff Global, ecology in Global warming 全球暖化議題 植物也會隨著暖化「搬遷」,暫時記錄... text/html 2011-06-19T17:33:52-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=stable_isotope&rev=1308526432&do=diff see also isotope text/html 2012-02-03T16:27:35-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=start&rev=1328311655&do=diff site Site Note Original wiki.ecol-ist.org would be re-directed to cywhale.ecol-ist.org cywale.ecol-ist.org is still alive, and welcome to go there by direct-link. This URL, wiki.ecol-ist.org, would be used to try Dokuwiki installation, and set up for some notes in my learning text/html 2012-02-21T06:06:47-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=stationary&rev=1329829607&do=diff statistics At this stage of series analysis, it is assumed that the data series is stationary, either because it originally exhibited no trend or as the result of trend extraction(Section 12.2). It is also assumed that variability is large enough to emerge from random noise. text/html 2012-02-03T17:48:31-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=statistics&rev=1328316511&do=diff 古典統計專注在Normal distribution X~N(u,var),u: mean = mode = median in Normal distrib.: location parameter; var = sigma square: scale parameter。古典統計問： 1. u, var = ? 2. 如何用sample 推論 population 針對每一個Q (theta, general parameter如u,var)找到一個estimator ~Q(hat)來estimate Q ~Q = f(x1,x2,...xn), function of data = statistics ps : 3. What is good estimator? text/html 2011-04-07T07:48:50-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=stl&rev=1302184130&do=diff phenology methodology time series analysis The seasonal decomposition of time series : STL (Cleveland et al. 1990) " problems : because the cyclical seasonal pattern will remain in the model (of long-term trend analysis) residuals and leads to biased estimate of model uncertainty, (Qian), if only use linear regression model to estimate the average temporal rate of increase. " text/html 2011-04-07T08:26:32-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=stuff&rev=1302186392&do=diff environment culture globalization 物品的故事 The story of stuff text/html 2011-06-19T10:57:23-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=succession_mechanism&rev=1308502643&do=diff ecology, Molles said : mechanisms that drive ecological succession include facilitation, tolerance and inhibition. (J. Connell and R. Slatyer, 1977) 當一棲地受干擾 disturbance而環境資源釋放，新進的植物族群可展開拓殖(available for colonization)... text/html 2011-06-19T17:34:41-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=suess_effect&rev=1308526481&do=diff ecology in Global warming 全球暖化議題 Molles said : Suess Effect is reduced concentration of C14 in the atmosphere due to fossil fuel burning. 此因C14的半衰期僅有5730年，而化石燃料埋藏已超過億年，其中C14非常的少；因此當化石燃料被人類大量燃燒排放CO2進入大氣之中，大氣中的C14並不會增加；因此CO2濃度增加，但C14不增加(濃度降低)，做為是由於人類燃燒化石燃料所致的證據。 text/html 2011-04-20T20:07:17-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=svd&rev=1303351637&do=diff mathematics (線性代數) Singular Value Decomposition 奇異值分解 (SVD) on 線代啟示錄 text/html 2012-01-31T18:45:29-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=taiwan_map&rev=1328060729&do=diff Taiwan, 台灣學, Geography 《台灣學通訊》第59期 /臺灣地圖 本期主題：臺灣地圖 焦點報導-- 從古地圖中發現臺灣 地圖的演變-- 臺灣地圖四百年來的演變 地圖測調-- 日治時期的地圖測量與土地調查 解讀地圖-- 解讀日治時期臺灣統計地圖 蕃地測繪-- 日治時期蕃地測繪 臺灣人物誌-- 地形測繪技師──野呂寧 書介-- 《臺灣堡圖》 臺灣學系列講座63-- 臺灣地圖一百年繪製與典藏發展史 臺灣學地方學23-- 地方學的檢討與願景… text/html 2011-06-24T02:31:10-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=time_series_analysis&rev=1308904270&do=diff methodology - statistics - time series analysis by Hsieh et al. 2009, at Fisheries Oceanography 1. the state-space method to impute missing data and remove seasonal trends. (Durbin and Koopman, 2001) " The random missing data could be estimated using the best fitting state-space model based on the Kalman filter. State-space structural decomposition approach, which is superior to those traditional approach such as removing long-term monthly means or by applying a symmetrical filter, to make s… text/html 2011-05-01T03:33:20-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=tornado&rev=1304242400&do=diff news Tornadoes kill over 200 /The Big Picture.. 彭啟明博士 指出2011/4/27一天產生200多個龍捲風，對美南各州造成莫大災害，尤其過去龍捲風多出現奧克拉荷馬州，這次卻發生在阿拉巴馬，甚至北卡羅萊那，因房屋結構不像過去常有龍捲風的地區會加強地窖之設計，因此災害格外嚴重... text/html 2011-06-25T10:13:52-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=totoro_forest&rev=1309018432&do=diff 日本 環境信託 Totoro Forest Project “It is not just about one specific forest. Totoro Forest represents the spirit of our childhood.” -----Totoro Forest Committee blog 以下轉引自 所沢的河畔林 ～ 「TOTORO之森１４號地」誕生 text/html 2011-11-18T01:21:35-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=vegetation&rev=1321604495&do=diff 植群 vegetation in plant ecology 1. 生物體觀點 Organismic viewpoint - Clements(1916), Tansley(1920,改良：擬生物體) - 英美學派 2. 系統學觀點 Systematic viewpoint - Braun-Blanquet(1932) - 歐陸學派 Z-M 3. 個體集合觀點 Individualistic viewpoint - Gleason(1926) - Wisconsin學派 text/html 2011-04-07T07:52:19-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=weibull_distribution&rev=1302184339&do=diff statistics Weibull Distribution it said : “韋泊爾分佈(Weibull distribution)通常用在故障分析領域( field of failure analysis)中；尤其是它可以模擬(mimic) 故障率(failture rate)持續( over time)變化的分佈。故障率為： text/html 2012-02-03T19:36:34-06:00 http://wiki.ecol-ist.org/doku.php?id=zero-inflated&rev=1328322994&do=diff statistics, literature A nice overview and comparison of Poisson, NB,and zero-inflated models in R is given in Zeileis et al. (2008). This paper also gives a couple of useful references to publications using mixture and two-part models.